凤眼莲的胚胎学研究Ⅲ.受精作用和胚胎发育

本文报道了凤眼莲的受精过程及胚和胚乳的发育。授粉后3～8小时,花粉管穿过花柱;17～21小时,花粉管经珠孔到达胚囊;约48小时,一个精子进入卵细胞;3天完成受精作用;5天出现两细胞原胚。胚的发育属紫菀型,经历原胚、球型胚、椭圆形胚、凹形胚、棒形胚等各个时期。凤眼莲的胚乳发育属沼生目型,授粉后约19～21小时,另一精于与次生核融合形成游离核;2～5天形成大量的胚乳游离核;6天开始形成胚乳细胞壁。约20～21天,种子成熟,种子含胚和胚乳。     

升金湖越冬白头鹤集群变化及领域行为

白头鹤是长江中下游的大型越冬水鸟,安徽升金湖是其在国内主要的越冬地之一。近年来,由于生境退化,越冬种群的数量在萎缩,种群的越冬生态研究十分必要。2007年10月～2008年4月,我们在升金湖对白头鹤的主要分布地点进行了调查,并对集群情况进行了观察。升金湖白头鹤觅食地主要分布于湖区外围的稻田,夜栖于上湖核心区内。整个越冬期,白头鹤大部分以5只以上的群类型觅食,以家庭集群活动仅占越冬集群数的29.14%。随着越冬期的变化,集群大小发生改变：越冬前期,越冬鹤以家族群活动频率最高,占集群的35.64%,30～49只集群频率最低,仅为6.38%;越冬中期,家庭集群及5～9只集群频率相对于越冬前期减少,10只以上集群频率增加;越冬后期,以≥50只以上集群频率最高,占28.77%。此外,我们还观察到1对成年鹤占有一定面积的稻田并积极保护,表现领域行为。     

动物园动物的应激及其管理

应激是圈养野生动物所不能避免的,对动物的负面影响是多方面的。针对动物园动物应激的特点,对动物园存在的应激进行分析归类,阐述应激的危害和解释实践中的问题,采取有效措施对应激进行监测与管理,减弱应激的负面影响。     

2岁日本猴睾丸的形态及组织学结构研究

为了探明日本猴睾丸的形态及组织学特征,本实验测量了2岁雄性日本猴及睾丸的基础形态和参数,并通过石蜡切片,苏木精一伊红染色法研究了睾丸的组织学结构。结果发现,2岁幼年日本猴睾丸平均长轴长11．9mm,短轴平均长7．0mm,重0．3073g。光镜下可见幼年日本猴睾丸组织结构明显,有睾丸纵隔、小叶和曲精细管,曲细精管未形成管腔,管内主要是单层排列的精原细胞,未见明显的支持细胞、初级精母细胞、精细胞和精子。本实验为进一步研究日本猴的繁殖性能,保护日本猴这种濒危动物提供了参考。     

离心泵蜗壳八个断面的设计研究

通过对离心泵蜗壳流道八个过水断面几何形状分析，建立了各过水断面几何尺寸的数学模型，采用计算机辅助设计，从而设计出优秀的泵蜗壳水力模型，提高了泵的效率指标，为泵蜗壳八个过水断面的设计提供了理论依据     

血清对猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中聚脂相关基因表达的影响

为了探讨血清对猪前脂肪细胞诱导分化的影响,筛选更优的诱导方法.采用胶原酶消化法分离猪皮下前脂肪细胞,用含50 nmol·L~(-1)胰岛素、100 nmol·L~(-1)地塞米松、0.25 mmol·L~(-1)3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤、100nmol·L~1罗格列酮及添加(对照组)或不添加(试验组)10%FBS的分化培养液1和2对前脂肪细胞进行诱导分化,借助实时定量RT-PCR方法检测了细胞分化过程中聚脂相关基因PPARα、C/EBPα、FASN、ACOX1、GPAT和ENPP2的表达模式.结果显示:血清对PPARγ和FABP4两基因的表达有极显著的上调作用(P<＜0.01),而对其他6个基因的表达有极显著的下调作用(P＜0.01).试验组中FASN、GPAT和ACOX13个基因诱导分化各时间点的综合表达景均极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),3基因表达量变化趋势间均达到极显著相关(P＜0.01).试验组中PPARα、PPARγ、C/EBPα和ACOX1 4个基因的基因表达最变化趋势间均达到显著或极显著正相关.研究表明:前脂肪细胞分化过程中,细胞内脂肪酸的生物合成和β氧化均在发生,细胞内脂肪含量积聚的快慢取决于2个途径力量的对比;PPARα、PPARγ、C/EBPα和ACOX14个基因间存在极强的协同表达现象;在细胞内脂肪积聚快慢上,含血清的分化培养液1要优于不含血清的分化培养液2.     

First isolation and identification of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica from cultured tiger frog, Rana tigerina rugulosa

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica has been recognised as an occasional but serious opportunistic bacterial pathogen to human beings. Recently, it was frequently isolated from tiger frog, Rana tigerina rugulosa, with cataract disease, which is the most common disease of unknown aetiology of frogs in Hainan, China. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterise the bacterial strains isolated from the recent outbreaks of cataract disease in farmed tiger frog in Hainan, China, and to evaluate their pathogenicity to the frog and their sensitivity to 20 chemotherapeutic agents.The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains W0701 (1478 bp), W0702 (1477 bp) and W0703 (1478 bp) showed 98.6–98.7% similarity with the sequence of E. meningoseptica type strain (ATCC 13253) and 99.9–100% similarity with that of E. meningoseptica NTU 870424-IL. Six strains (W0701–W0706) were selected to represent 24 isolates retrieved from six moribund frogs. The morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the six representative isolates were consistent with those of E. meningoseptica strains. The organisms were only susceptible to vancomycin and moderately susceptible to cefoperazone among the 20 investigated chemotherapeutic agents. Virulence test with strain W0702 was conducted and pathogenicity (by intramuscular injection) was demonstrated in the tiger frog. In conclusion, 24 isolates obtained from frogs with cataract disease were the E. meningoseptica strains highly pathogenic to tiger frog, and this is the first report of E. meningoseptica as a pathogen for tiger frog.     

Multiple amino acid substitutions are involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice

To explore adaptation of avian influenza virus to mice we previously performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the influenza A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) strain, resulting in the isolation of a variant influenza strain lethal for mice. We now report that virulence correlates with improved growth characteristics on mammalian cells and extended tissue tropism in vivo. Sequencing of the complete genomes of the wild-type and mouse-adapted viruses revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Some were found to reiterate known substitutions in human and swine H9N2 influenza isolates. Functions affected include nuclear localization signals and sites of protein and RNA interaction, while others are known determinants of pathogenicity and host specificity such as the viral polymerase PB2 E627K substitution. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence in mice. We conclude that multiple amino acid substitutions are likely to be involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice.     

日粮蛋白质水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼生长性能的影响

选择450尾瓦氏黄额鱼随机分成5组,每组3个重复,以鱼粉为主要蛋白质源,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为31.1%、35.5%、40.9%、46.5%、50_3%的5个试验日粮,研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对瓦氏黄额鱼生长性能的影响.试验期为35 d.结果表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼饲料中蛋白质含量为42.9%～43.5%时,瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和饲料利用率较好.     

奶牛围产期低血钙发生状况及其调节作用

为了解奶牛围产期低血钙发生状况及其调节作用,本试验选取围产期经产的健康奶牛20头,分别对其产前21d、14d、7d、产后7d、14d、21d及分娩当天血中钙(Ca)、磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、骨钙素(BGP)、降钙素(CT)浓度进行测定.按血钙水平将试验奶牛按上述时间点均分为对照组(血钙正常)和低血钙组.结果显示:奶牛在产前21d至产后21d低血钙发生率分别为:0%、45%、20%、80%、25%、15%、10%.对照组奶牛血浆Ca、BGP的浓度产前14d到产后21d显著高于低血钙组(P<0.05),ALP、HYP在产前7d到产后21d显著高于低血钙组(P<0.05).两组奶牛血浆P浓度在围产期无显著差异(P>0.05).对照组血浆CT浓度在产前7d和分娩当天显著低于低血钙组(P<0.05),其他时间点差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组血浆PTH浓度在产前7d到产后21d时显著低于低血钙组(P<0.05).结论:奶牛围产期易发生低血钙,以分娩时发生率最高.奶牛围产期易发低血钙与钙代谢调节激素未能发挥其动员骨钙的调节作用有关.